"-trom" meaning in All languages combined

See -trom on Wiktionary

Suffix [Proto-Celtic]

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *-trom. Etymology templates: {{inh|cel-pro|ine-pro|*-trom}} Proto-Indo-European *-trom Head templates: {{head|cel-pro|suffix|g=n}} *-trom n Inflection templates: {{cel-decl-noun-o-n|-tr}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -trom [nominative, singular], -trou [dual, nominative], -trā [nominative, plural], -trom [singular, vocative], -trou [dual, vocative], -trā [plural, vocative], -trom [accusative, singular], -trou [accusative, dual], -trā [accusative, plural], -trī [genitive, singular], -trous [dual, genitive], -trom [genitive, plural], -trūi [dative, singular], -trobom [dative, dual], -trobos [dative, plural], -trei [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], - [locative, plural], -trū [instrumental, singular], -trobim [dual, instrumental], -trūis [instrumental, plural], *-strom [alternative]
  1. Forms instrumental nouns from verb roots. Tags: morpheme, neuter, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--trom-cel-pro-suffix-6x2eFg0A Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header

Suffix [Proto-Indo-European]

Etymology: Thematicized from the zero-grade of *-tḗr. Originally the neuter gender of some adjective *-tros (“of the doer, of doing”). Of note is the similar development later exercised by daughter languages; compare Latin -tor to -tōrius (“of the doer, of doing”) to -tōrium (“thing/ place of the doer”). Etymology templates: {{ety|ine-pro|*-tḗr<id:agent noun>|id=tool noun|pos=suffix}} Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes|g=n|head=*(é)-trom}} *(é)-trom n Inflection templates: {{ine-decl-noun-n|(é)-tro}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -trom [nominative, singular], é-trom [nominative, singular], -troy [dual, nominative], -troyh₁ [dual, nominative], éy [dual, nominative], éyh₁ [dual, nominative], -treh₂ [nominative, plural], é-treh₂ [nominative, plural], -trom [singular, vocative], é-trom [singular, vocative], -troy [dual, vocative], -troyh₁ [dual, vocative], éy [dual, vocative], éyh₁ [dual, vocative], -treh₂ [plural, vocative], é-treh₂ [plural, vocative], -trom [accusative, singular], é-trom [accusative, singular], -troy [accusative, dual], -troyh₁ [accusative, dual], éy [accusative, dual], éyh₁ [accusative, dual], -treh₂ [accusative, plural], é-treh₂ [accusative, plural], -trosyo [genitive, singular], é-trosyo [genitive, singular], - [dual, genitive], -troHom [genitive, plural], é-troHom [genitive, plural], -tread [ablative, singular], é-tread [ablative, singular], - [ablative, dual], -tromos [ablative, plural], é-tromos [ablative, plural], -trobʰos [ablative, plural], é-trobʰos [ablative, plural], -troey [dative, singular], é-troey [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], -tromos [dative, plural], é-tromos [dative, plural], -trobʰos [dative, plural], é-trobʰos [dative, plural], -trey [locative, singular], é-trey [locative, singular], -troy [locative, singular], é-troy [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], -troysu [locative, plural], é-troysu [locative, plural], -troh₁ [instrumental, singular], é-troh₁ [instrumental, singular], - [dual, instrumental], -trōys [instrumental, plural], é-trōys [instrumental, plural], *-tlom [alternative], *-tleh₂ [alternative], *-dʰrom [alternative], *-dʰlom [alternative]
  1. Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument. Tags: morpheme, neuter, reconstruction

Suffix [Proto-Italic]

Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-trom. Etymology templates: {{etymon|itc-pro|:inh|ine-pro:*-trom|id=instrument}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-trom", "lang" : "itc-pro" }" data-id="instrument" data-lang="itc-pro" data-title="*-trom" id="Proto-Italic:_instrument">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|itc-pro|ine-pro|*-trom|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Indo-European *-trom, {{inh+|itc-pro|ine-pro|*-trom}} Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-trom Head templates: {{head|itc-pro|suffix}} *-trom Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -trom [nominative, singular], -trā [nominative, plural], -trom [singular, vocative], -trā [plural, vocative], -trom [accusative, singular], -trā [accusative, plural], -trosjo [genitive, singular], -trī [genitive, singular], -trom [genitive, plural], -trōi [dative, singular], -trois [dative, plural], -trōd [ablative, singular], -trois [ablative, plural], -trei [locative, singular], -trois [locative, plural]
  1. suffix forming instrument nouns from verbs Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
          "lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
          "word": "*-dr"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Old Irish",
          "lang_code": "sga",
          "word": "-thar"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Gaulish",
          "lang_code": "cel-gau",
          "word": "-tron"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
      "lang_code": "cel-pro",
      "word": "*-trom"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gem-pro",
      "word": "*-þrą"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
      "lang_code": "grk-pro",
      "word": "*-tron"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Sanskrit",
              "lang_code": "sa",
              "roman": "-tra",
              "word": "-त्र"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
          "lang_code": "inc-pro",
          "word": "*-tram"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Avestan",
              "lang_code": "ae",
              "roman": "-tra",
              "word": "-𐬙𐬭𐬀"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Avestan",
              "lang_code": "ae",
              "roman": "-dra",
              "word": "-𐬛𐬭𐬀"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Avestan",
              "lang_code": "ae",
              "roman": "-θra",
              "word": "-𐬚𐬭𐬀"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "ira-pro",
          "word": "*-θra"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
      "lang_code": "iir-pro",
      "word": "*-tram"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Italic",
      "lang_code": "itc-pro",
      "word": "*-trom"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "zero-grade",
      "zero-grade"
    ],
    [
      "*-tḗr",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tḗr"
    ],
    [
      "-tor",
      "-tor#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-tōrius",
      "-torius#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-tōrium",
      "-torium#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tḗr<id:agent noun>",
        "id": "tool noun",
        "pos": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Thematicized from the zero-grade of *-tḗr.\nOriginally the neuter gender of some adjective *-tros (“of the doer, of doing”). Of note is the similar development later exercised by daughter languages; compare Latin -tor to -tōrius (“of the doer, of doing”) to -tōrium (“thing/ place of the doer”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trosyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trosyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-troHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tread",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-tread",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-tromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-troey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-tromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-troy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-troysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-troh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trōys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trōys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-tlom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-tleh₂",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-dʰrom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-dʰlom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "g": "n",
        "head": "*(é)-trom"
      },
      "expansion": "*(é)-trom n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "(é)-tro"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument."
      ],
      "id": "en--trom-ine-pro-suffix-Jpbetv1m",
      "links": [
        [
          "tool",
          "tool#English"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-trom"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*-trom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-trom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-trom",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-trom.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Neuter o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trūi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trobom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trobos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trobim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trūis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-strom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-trom n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-tr"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-trom",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms instrumental nouns from verb roots."
      ],
      "id": "en--trom-cel-pro-suffix-6x2eFg0A",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-trom"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "word": "-trum"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Umbrian",
      "lang_code": "xum",
      "roman": "-trum",
      "word": "-𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌌"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*-trom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-pro:*-trom",
        "id": "instrument"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }\" data-id=\"instrument\" data-lang=\"itc-pro\" data-title=\"*-trom\" id=\"Proto-Italic:_instrument\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-trom",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-trom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-trom"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-trom",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-trom.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trosjo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trōd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*-trom",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-trom",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Italic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix forming instrument nouns from verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--trom-itc-pro-suffix-kCRnGTB-",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-trom"
}
{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*-trom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-trom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-trom",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-trom.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Neuter o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trūi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trobom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trobos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trobim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trūis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-strom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-trom n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-tr"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-trom",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Celtic lemmas",
        "Proto-Celtic neuter suffixes",
        "Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Celtic suffixes",
        "Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms instrumental nouns from verb roots."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-trom"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
          "lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
          "word": "*-dr"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Old Irish",
          "lang_code": "sga",
          "word": "-thar"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Gaulish",
          "lang_code": "cel-gau",
          "word": "-tron"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
      "lang_code": "cel-pro",
      "word": "*-trom"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gem-pro",
      "word": "*-þrą"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
      "lang_code": "grk-pro",
      "word": "*-tron"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Sanskrit",
              "lang_code": "sa",
              "roman": "-tra",
              "word": "-त्र"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
          "lang_code": "inc-pro",
          "word": "*-tram"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Avestan",
              "lang_code": "ae",
              "roman": "-tra",
              "word": "-𐬙𐬭𐬀"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Avestan",
              "lang_code": "ae",
              "roman": "-dra",
              "word": "-𐬛𐬭𐬀"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Avestan",
              "lang_code": "ae",
              "roman": "-θra",
              "word": "-𐬚𐬭𐬀"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "ira-pro",
          "word": "*-θra"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
      "lang_code": "iir-pro",
      "word": "*-tram"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Italic",
      "lang_code": "itc-pro",
      "word": "*-trom"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "zero-grade",
      "zero-grade"
    ],
    [
      "*-tḗr",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tḗr"
    ],
    [
      "-tor",
      "-tor#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-tōrius",
      "-torius#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-tōrium",
      "-torium#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tḗr<id:agent noun>",
        "id": "tool noun",
        "pos": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Thematicized from the zero-grade of *-tḗr.\nOriginally the neuter gender of some adjective *-tros (“of the doer, of doing”). Of note is the similar development later exercised by daughter languages; compare Latin -tor to -tōrius (“of the doer, of doing”) to -tōrium (“thing/ place of the doer”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-treh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trosyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trosyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-troHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tread",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-tread",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-tromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-troey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-tromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-troy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-troysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-troh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-troh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trōys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "é-trōys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-tlom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-tleh₂",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-dʰrom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-dʰlom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "g": "n",
        "head": "*(é)-trom"
      },
      "expansion": "*(é)-trom n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "(é)-tro"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with etymon",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European neuter suffixes",
        "Proto-Indo-European noun-forming suffixes",
        "Proto-Indo-European suffixes",
        "Proto-Indo-European thematic neuter o-stem suffixes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tool",
          "tool#English"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-trom"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "word": "-trum"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Umbrian",
      "lang_code": "xum",
      "roman": "-trum",
      "word": "-𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌌"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*-trom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-pro:*-trom",
        "id": "instrument"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }\" data-id=\"instrument\" data-lang=\"itc-pro\" data-title=\"*-trom\" id=\"Proto-Italic:_instrument\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-trom",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-trom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-trom"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-trom",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-trom.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trosjo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trōd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-trois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*-trom",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-trom",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using etymon with no ID",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Proto-Italic entries with etymon",
        "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Italic lemmas",
        "Proto-Italic noun-forming suffixes",
        "Proto-Italic o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Italic suffixes",
        "Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix forming instrument nouns from verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-trom"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -trom meaning in All languages combined (13.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.